Professor Kurokawa, who is an MD in addition to his role as a professor at GRIPS and a Science Advisor to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, raised interesting issues on Japan’s Challenges and Potentials in realizing a sustainable society through innovation. He pointed out that Japan now faces many difficulties such as falling and aging of population, economic malaise, while Asian countries, especially China and India backed by 2.5 billion populations, are rapidly growing. With the international community around Japan changing, Japan should rethink how we should exploit our comparative advantage and how we should survive in the global world. He pointed out that the key word of the solution is "Innovation", which is no longer limited in its technical meaning, but encompasses creating a new social value.